All medical devices have indications and contraindications, and the manufacturer always states these clearly. However, not all electrical stimulation devices on the market are classified as medical devices, so the manufacturer may not clearly describe when they might be unsafe to use.

A very common situation we face when dealing with clients is the presence of metal implants such as joint replacements, fracture fixation plates and spinal instrumentation near where we wish to apply electrodes. The concern has been that the energy generated by electrical stimulation over metal implants would cause local, damaging heating within the tissues. We consider this below.

We must follow the manufacturer's recommendations. However, you might wonder about the real risks. Do the benefits of using electrical stimulation outweigh the risks? This article explores this topic.

Electrical stimulation is a widely used method of applying energy to the body to produce a physiological response. By controlling the nature of this energy, we can expect to produce a useful therapeutic effect. These ideas have decades of practical use and are generally safe and effective in many situations. Still, it can be difficult to understand how to match one of the many techniques to a particular clinical case. This article delves into methodologies and technologies for pain management and muscle rehabilitation. We explore innovative solutions that offer customised and effective treatment plans, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

This article explores the role of electrical stimulation in the recovery of denervated muscles, detailing its mechanisms, clinical guidelines, and home-based applications. It highlights recent research, current limitations, and future directions, offering insights for medical professionals and patients.

This article sheds light on the multifaceted nature of neuropathic pain associated with SCI, presenting an in-depth analysis of its prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and the array of current and future treatment options. Whether you're seeking insight into the latest therapeutic approaches, including nanomedicine and advanced pain management techniques, or exploring the biopsychosocial aspects of chronic pain management, our article thoroughly explores the state-of-the-art in neuropathic pain science.

In six, succinct, Thursday lunchtime sessions, we will explore how electrical stimulation techniques can enhance the well-being of individuals with denervated muscles. Whether caused by peripheral nerve injuries or lower motor neuron damage in the spinal cord, forms of electrical stimulation can reverse some of the physiological consequences of denervation.

It's not unusual for us to receive a call from a client with a spinal cord injury or a peripheral nerve injury who has been trying to use a handheld NMES (a form of Functional Electrical Stimulation) product and can't seem to produce a muscle contraction. The reason is likely because the muscle is denervated, and the NMES unit is unsuitable for that application. This article will explain why these units will not be suitable when denervated muscles are present, especially if it has been some time since the injury.